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Asteroids are the space rocks that comprise mostly of dust, metals and most of the precious elements such as platinum, gold, diamond, etc.. Asteroids are present all around the galaxy they are mostly the debris of the planets which may lead to dead or disintegrate. They all have different origins, orbits and its composition.
Classification:
1. Based on composition:
C-type (chondrite) : These asteroids are most common, probably consist of clay and silicate rocks, and are dark in appearance. They are among the most ancient objects in the solar system. These asteroids dominate mostly in the main asteroid belt.
eg:253 Mathilde
S-types ("stony") : They are made up of silicate materials and nickel-iron. There are only 17% of this asteroids yet discovered.
eg. Eunomia
M-types: They are metallic (nickel-iron). The asteroids' compositional differences are related to how far from the sun they formed. Some experienced high temperatures after they formed and partly melted, with iron sinking to the center and forcing basaltic (volcanic) lava to the surface. There are only 8% of this asteroids yet discovered.
eg. 22 Kalliope and 21 Lutetia
2. Based on origin :
Main asteroid belt : The asteroid belt is a torus-shaped region in the Solar System, located roughly between the orbits of the planets Jupiter and Mars, that is occupied by a great many solid, irregularly shaped bodies, of many sizes but much smaller than planets, called asteroids or minor planets. This asteroid belt is also called the main asteroid belt or main belt .The jupiter's intense gravitational field prevent them from forming into moons or planets.
Near earth asteroids: These asteroid crosses the earth and get close of 1.3 AU from the sun. The NEAs are also become potentially hazardous asteroid. these asteroids are mostly larger than 140 meters in diameter.
Trojan asteroids: These are asteroids which orbit the sun along with the planets orbit. they may not hit the planet because they are balanced by the planets gravitational force. These asteroids are located in the L4 and L5 ( Lagrangian points) of every planets. There are huge population of trojans on jupiter's orbit.
3. Based on orbit around the sun:
Apollo asteroid : These asteroids are named after 1862 Apollo. These asteroids having a semi major axis greater than that of earth and perihelion distance less than that of earth's aphelion distance. These are earth crossing asteroids.
eg. : Apollo, Bennu, Ryugu, Itokawa etc...
| Mars (M) Venus (V) Mercury (H) | Sun Apollo asteroids Earth (E) |
Amor asteroids: These are arche type asteroids. The objects perihelion distance is same as or greater than the earth's aphelion distance.These are not earth crossing asteroids they cross only the orbit of mars.The orbital period is greater than 1 year.
eg. : Eros, Ganymade
 |
| Archetype asteroid |
| Mars (M) Mars trojans Venus (V) Mercury (H) | Sun Amor asteroids Earth (E) |
eg. : Apophis
Atria asteroid or Apohele asteroids : These are also called as Interior earth objects. Their aphelion distance is less than that of the earth's perihelion distance. These asteroids cover its orbit within the earth's orbit. This is the smallest group of asteroids. They are also not earth crossing asteroids.
eg. :2010 XB11, 2013 TQ5
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